Political changes differ in the degree to which they modify existing standards, civilisation elements and institutions; this theory analytically distinguishes three classes.
- Explanation. The three classes order different degrees within the continuum of political change. They distinguish changes within existing standards, changes in particular civilisation elements, and changes in coherent civilisation elements and the institutions in which they are embedded. Concrete processes of change may display characteristics of more than one class.
Last updated: 2 October 2026