Purposive action may cause social change when the actor influences the conditions under which civilisation elements are presented to individuals and subsequently disseminated, internalised and institutionalised within social circles.
- Explanation. An actor does not influence a circle civilisation directly. Purposive action operates through individuals: by influencing the conditions under which civilisation elements are presented to them, the actor increases or decreases the likelihood that these elements will be selected, internalised and become operative in their personal civilisations. When this occurs among sufficient numbers of individuals and the relevant elements are shared and become socially operative within a circle, the circle civilisation may change. Insofar as these elements are subsequently embedded in institutions, they may also be institutionalised.
Last updated: 2 October 2026