The state differs from other social circles because its sanctions can ultimately be enforced through coercion regarded as legitimate and cannot be avoided simply by leaving the circle.
- Explanation. Other social circles may also apply social or formal sanctions, but the state possesses institutions that can ultimately enforce compliance through coercion. An individual cannot simply escape such sanctions by ending membership of the circle. The combination of territorial attachment, collectively binding rules and the monopoly of violence gives state sanctioning its particular social operation.
Last updated: 2 October 2026